PANGLAO 2004

SANTO 2006

In the context of a complete revision of the Onchidiidae, it is shown here that Onchidium vaigiense Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 and Onchidium marmoratum Lesson, 1831 belong to a clade that is separate from all other onchidiid genera and so a new genus is described: Marmaronchis Dayrat & Goulding, new genus. Marmaronchis slugs are characterised by a unique combination of anatomical traits: intestinal loops of type I, rectal gland present, accessory penial gland present. Marmaronchis vaigiensis and M. marmoratus are cryptic externally and internally but are delineated as distinct species with both mitochondrial (COI, 16S, 12S) and nuclear (ITS2, 28S, H3) DNA sequences. Onchidium ambiguum Semper, 1880 and O. steenstrupii Semper, 1882 are proposed as new junior synonyms of M. vaigiensis. Marmaronchis slugs primarily live in the rocky intertidal and, unlike many onchidiids from Southeast Asia, they are not found inside mangroves. Both Marmaronchis species are geographically sympatric and can even be found at the same stations, but Marmaronchis vaigiensis is widely distributed, from the Nicobar Islands (Bay of Bengal) all the way to Vanuatu and the Philippines, while M. marmoratus is only known from New Ireland and Madang (Papua New Guinea). Several new geographical records are provided: Bali and Sulawesi (Indonesia) and Vanuatu for M. vaigiensis; Madang (Papua New Guinea) for M. marmoratus. The diversity of Marmaronchis slugs is compared to other onchidiid genera.

PAPUA NIUGINI, SANTO 2006

In the context of a complete revision of the Onchidiidae, it is shown here that Onchidium vaigiense Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 and Onchidium marmoratum Lesson, 1831 belong to a clade that is separate from all other onchidiid genera and so a new genus is described: Marmaronchis Dayrat & Goulding, new genus. Marmaronchis slugs are characterised by a unique combination of anatomical traits: intestinal loops of type I, rectal gland present, accessory penial gland present. Marmaronchis vaigiensis and M. marmoratus are cryptic externally and internally but are delineated as distinct species with both mitochondrial (COI, 16S, 12S) and nuclear (ITS2, 28S, H3) DNA sequences. Onchidium ambiguum Semper, 1880 and O. steenstrupii Semper, 1882 are proposed as new junior synonyms of M. vaigiensis. Marmaronchis slugs primarily live in the rocky intertidal and, unlike many onchidiids from Southeast Asia, they are not found inside mangroves. Both Marmaronchis species are geographically sympatric and can even be found at the same stations, but Marmaronchis vaigiensis is widely distributed, from the Nicobar Islands (Bay of Bengal) all the way to Vanuatu and the Philippines, while M. marmoratus is only known from New Ireland and Madang (Papua New Guinea). Several new geographical records are provided: Bali and Sulawesi (Indonesia) and Vanuatu for M. vaigiensis; Madang (Papua New Guinea) for M. marmoratus. The diversity of Marmaronchis slugs is compared to other onchidiid genera.

KAVIENG 2014, PAPUA NIUGINI

Mangroves of the Indo-West Pacific have remained poorly explored, so even the diversity of the onchidiid slugs, which are some of the most abundant animals in mangroves of the Indo-West Pacific, is not well known. Thanks to several years spent exploring mangroves in the Indo-West Pacific (more than 260 stations), especially in South-East Asia, the diversity of mangrove gastropods can now be addressed through revisions following an integrative taxonomy approach (nomenclature, field observations, comparative anatomy and DNA sequences). A new genus of onchidiid slugs is described, Paromoionchis Dayrat & Goulding gen. nov., which includes five species, three of which are new: Paromoionchis boholensis Dayrat & Goulding gen. et sp. nov., P. daemelii (Semper, 1880) com. nov., P. goslineri Dayrat & Goulding gen. et sp. nov., P. penangensis Dayrat & Goulding gen. et sp. nov. and P. tumidus (Semper, 1880) comb. nov. Paromoionchis gen. nov. is distributed from western India to the subtropical waters of Japan (33° N) and southeastern Australia (33° S). The creation of new taxon names is supported by rigorous nomenclature: the types of all existing species names in the family were examined, the original descriptions carefully studied and nomenclatural issues addressed. The diversity and biogeography of this new genus is discussed in a broader context.

PAPUA NIUGINI

A new species, Onchidium melakense Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov., is described, bringing the total to four known species in the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800. Onchidium melakense is a rare species with only nine individuals found at three mangrove sites in the Andaman Islands and the Strait of Malacca (western Peninsular Malaysia and eastern Sumatra). The new species is delineated based on mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (ITS2 and 28S) DNA sequences as well as comparative anatomy. Each Onchidium species is characterized by a distinct color and can easily be identified in the field, even in the Strait of Malacca where there are three sympatric Onchidium species. An identification key is provided. In addition, Onchidium stuxbergi (Westerlund, 1883) is recorded for the first time from eastern Sumatra, and Onchidium pallidipes Tapparone-Canefri, 1889, of which the type material is described and illustrated here, is regarded as a new junior synonym of O. stuxbergi.

PAPUA NIUGINI

The genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 includes all the onchidiid slugs with dorsal gills. Its taxonomy is revised for the first time based on a large collection of fresh material from the entire Indo-West Pacific, from South Africa to Hawaii. Nine species are supported by mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (ITS2 and 28S) sequences as well as comparative anatomy. All types available were examined and the nomenclatural status of each existing name in the genus is addressed. Of 31 Peronia species-group names available, 27 are regarded as invalid (twenty-one synonyms, sixteen of which are new, five nomina dubia , and one homonym), and four as valid: Peronia peronii (Cuvier, 1804), Peronia verruculata (Cuvier, 1830), Peronia platei (Hoffmann, 1928), and Peronia madagascariensis (Labbé, 1934a). Five new species names are created: P. griffithsi Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov. , P. okinawensis Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov. , P. setoensis Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov. , P. sydneyensis Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov. , and P. willani Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov. Peronia species are cryptic externally but can be distinguished using internal characters, with the exception of P. platei and P. setoensis . The anatomy of most species is described in detail here for the first time. All the secondary literature is commented on and historical specimens from museum collections were also examined to better establish species distributions. The genus Peronia includes two species that are widespread across the Indo-West Pacific ( P. verruculata and P. peronii ) as well as endemic species: P. okinawensis and P. setoensis are endemic to Japan, and P. willani is endemic to Northern Territory, Australia. Many new geographical records are provided, as well as a key to the species using morphological traits.

KAVIENG 2014, PAPUA NIUGINI

Many marine species are specialized to specific parts of a habitat. In a mangrove forest, for instance, species may be restricted to the mud surface, the roots and trunks of mangrove trees, or rotting logs, which can be regarded as distinct microhabitats. Shifts to new microhabitats may be an important driver of sympatric speciation. However, the evolutionary history of these shifts is still poorly understood in most groups of marine organisms, because it requires a well-supported phylogeny with relatively complete taxon sampling. Onchidiid slugs are an ideal case study for the evolutionary history of habitat and microhabitat shifts because onchidiid species are specialized to different tidal zones and microhabitats in mangrove forests and rocky shores, and the taxonomy of the family in the Indo-West Pacific has been recently revised in a series of monographs. Here, DNA sequences for onchidiid species from the North and East Pacific, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic are used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among Onchidella species, and are combined with new data for Indo-West Pacific species to reconstruct a global phylogeny of the family. The phylogenetic relationships of onchidiid slugs are reconstructed based on three mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S, 16S) and three nuclear markers (28S, ITS2, H3) and nearly complete taxon sampling (all 13 genera and 62 of the 67 species). The highly-supported phylogeny presented here suggests that ancestral onchidiids most likely lived in the rocky intertidal, and that a lineage restricted to the tropical Indo-West Pacific colonized new habitats, including mudflats, mangrove forests, and high-elevation rainforests. Many onchidiid species in the Indo-West Pacific diverged during the Miocene, around the same time that a high diversity of mangrove plants appears in the fossil record, while divergence among Onchidella species occurred earlier, likely beginning in the Eocene. It is demonstrated that ecological specialization to microhabitats underlies the divergence between onchidiid genera, as well as the diversification through sym­ patric speciation in the genera Wallaconchis and Platevindex. The geographic distributions of onchidiid species also indicate that allopatric speciation played a key role in the diversification of several genera, especially Onchidella and Peronia. The evolutionary history of several morphological traits (penial gland, rectal gland, dorsal eyes, intestinal loops) is examined in relation to habitat and microhabitat evolutionary transitions and suggests that the rectal gland of onchidiids is an adaptation to high intertidal and terrestrial habitats.

PAPUA NIUGINI

The lectotype of Chrysophrys tumifrons designated by Boeseman (1947) is a specimen of the species currently recognized as Evynnis japonica Tanaka, 1931. The name is, therefore, the senior synonym for that species. Dentex spariformis Ogilby, 1910, based on specimens collected at Moreton Island, Queensland, Australia, is redescribed and resurrected as a valid species, having previously been synonymized with D. tumifrons (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843). Dentex abei sp. Nov. Is described from ten type and 30 non-type specimens collected in the Ryukyu Islands, Chichi-jima of Ogasawara Islands (=Bonin Islands), Japan, and Luzon Island, Philippines. These two Dentex species, together with D. hypselosomus Bleeker, 1854 and D. fourmanoiri Akazaki and Séret, 1999 are recognized as a “Dentex hypselosomus complex” and reviewed on the basis of western Pacific and southern Indonesian material. Dentex hypselosomus differs from the others in having three eye-sized fluorescent yellow blotches dorsally, plus a small yellow spot posteriorly on the soft dorsal fin base (vs. Small bright cobalt or blue-spotted lines on the body in D. abei and no spots in D. fourmanoiri and D. spariformis) and deeper suborbital depth. Dentex fourmanoiri differs from D. spariformis in having 13 dorsal fin spines and 9 soft dorsal fin rays (vs. 12 spines and 10 rays). Dentex spariformis has a larger eye than D. abei and D. hypselosomus (mean orbit diameter 2.78 in head length vs. 3.66 and 3.32, respectively). Although none of the four species have been recorded in the equatorial zone, D. abei and D. hypselosomus are allopatric in the Northern Hemisphere, while D. spariformis and D. fourmanoiri are allopatric in the Southern Hemisphere, too. A key to the complex is provided.

CORAIL 2

Relatively few studies have been done to define or assess rarity in the marine environment. Published studies have focused on shallow-water and intertidal habitats, and the available information appears to reflect the same pattern observed in terrestrial environments, i.e., that there are many rare species and few common species in any one given area. However, our studies of the abundance of new and/or supposedly rare taxa of decapod crustaceans from the deep, steep slopes of the island of Balicasag, in the central Philippines, have raised questions on how rarity should be defined in marine invertebrates. Examples of such supposedly rare species of crabs and lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda) are presented here. That these animals come from deep, steep slopes, a relatively under-studied habitat, highlights the major gaps in current knowledge of marine biodiversity that are in part due to the inadequacy of both traditional and high technology sampling methodologies and the limited habitat types that the former can target. Low-technology, artisanal tangle nets have proved to be an optimal capture technique for deep-water decapod crustaceans on deep, steep slopes; many new taxa have been discovered and, in other cases, perceptions of rarity and endemicity have been corrected.

PANGLAO 2004, PANGLAO 2005

Following the successful completion of the PANGLAO 2004 expedition, PANGLAO 2005 was organized to fill in the gap to explore and research the deep-sea fauna of the Bohol and Sulu Seas between 18 May 2005 and 3 June 2005. Methods used on board the Philippines fisheries research vessel MV DA-BFAR are recorded and results arising from the expedition are discussed.

PANGLAO 2005

We present an updated classification for the entire Crustacea Decapoda, listing all known families and genera organized by higher taxonomic groups and including estimates of the number of species in every genus. All taxonomic names are also linked to the verified literature in which they were described, the first compilation of its kind for the Decapoda. To arrive at this compilation, we began with the classification scheme provided by Martin & Davis (2001) for extant families,, updated the higher classification and included the fossil taxa. The resultant framework was then populated with the currently valid genera and an estimate of species numbers within each genus. Our resulting classification, spanning both extant (living) and fossil taxa, is the first comprehensive estimate of taxonomic diversity within the entire Decapoda. The classification consists of 233 families of decapods containing 2,725 genera and an estimated 17,635 species (including both extant and fossil species). Of the families in our classification, 53 are exclusively fossil, 109 contain both fossil and extant species, and 71 are extant only. The current estimate for extant species is 14,756, whereas 2,979 species are known exclusively as fossils.

AURORA 2007, MAINBAZA

Dredging in French Polynesia at depths of 101 and 140 m has resulted in the capture of 2 specimens of Oreotlos belonging to two new species, O. Encymus and O. potanus, which are described in this paper.

SMCB

CORAIL 2, LAGON, MUSORSTOM 3

The taxonomy of two leucosiid species - Dolos petraeus (Milne Edwards, 1874) (new genus) and Oreotlos etor, new species, is discussed. Both mimic dead algae belonging to the genus Halimeda Lamouroux, 1812 (Oder Caulerpales). Their behavioural and morphological adaptations to the mimicry are discussed.

CHALCAL 1, CORAIL 2, LAGON

CORAIL 2, LAGON

A new species of parthenopid crab, Pseudolambrus guinotae n. sp., is described. The single male specimen, which was collected from New Caledonia, most closely resembles Pseudolambrus planus (Rathbun, 1911) but can be easily differentiated from the latter by possessing a much longer rostrum.

CHALCAL 1, CORAIL 2

Chelidoperca barazeri Lee, Lee, Matsunuma & Chen, 2019 is redescribed based on two sub-adult types and 12 additional non-types specimens collected from the type locality and southwestern Taiwan, respectively. The identification of the additional specimens were supported by morphological and/or molecular approaches. C. barazeri is characterized by the following combination of characters: three scale rows between lateral line and base of 6th dorsal-fin spine; pored lateral-line scales 34‒37, modally 36; modally 2+7 developed gill rakers on the upper and lower limb; soft dorsal fin with series of large yellow spots; and the anal-fin with a yellow margin. C. barazeri is most similar to C. tosaensis and can be distinguished from C. tosaensis by: relatively less pored lateral line scales, 34‒37 (vs. 37‒43, modally 39); analfin without series of spot; penultimate and the last dorsal- and anal-fin rays in adult not elongated (vs. well elongated in adults); presence of a faint and discontinuous stripe formed by clusters of melanophores along the mid-lateral body when preserved (vs. without or very indistinct). Furthermore, six species of Chelidoperca are confirmed occurring in the Taiwanese water by literature reviews. A key to Chelidoperca from the Taiwanese water is provided.

SALOMONBOA 3, SANTO 2006

BIOCAL, EBISCO, EXBODI, KANACONO, KANADEEP, KANADEEP 2, NORFOLK 2, SEDLAB, SPANBIOS